Earth Science
What is Earth Science?
Earth Science is all about how the earth evolved over time. It also tells us about the rest of the universe and its impact on our beautiful home, the planet Earth.
| i) Scientific Methods |
| ii) Scientific Models |
| i) Geology |
| ii) Oceanography |
| iii) Climatology and Meteorology |
| iv) Astronomy |
| v) Other Branches of Earth Science |
The Earth’s Surface
The Earth’s surface looks like it’s the same always, but when you look closer and you’ll see that it keeps changing – new land forms and old ones disappear.
| i) Location and Direction |
| ii) Topography |
| i) Maps and Map Projections |
| ii) Topographic Maps |
| iii) Computer Generated Maps and GPS |
Minerals
Minerals are naturally occurring substances that do not have a biological origin but they help your body grow, develop and stay healthy. Find out all about minerals.
| i) Formation and Identification of Minerals |
| ii) Mining |
| iii) Uses of Minerals |
Rocks
They are very tiny grains of different minerals, compressed together in chemical reaction to form a bigger mass. Rocks make up non-water part of the earth’s crust.
| i) Rock Cycle |
| ii) Types of Rocks |
i) Crystallization and Composition
| i) Sediments |
| ii) Sedimentary Rock Formation |
i) Metamorphism
Earth's Energy
| i) Energy, Fuel and Heat |
| ii) Types of Energy Resources |
| i) Solar Energy |
| ii) Water Power |
| iii) Wind Power |
| iv) Biomass |
| v) Geothermal Energy |
| i) Fossil Fuels |
| ii) Coal |
| iii) Oil |
| iv) Natural Gas |
| v) Nuclear Energy |
Plate Tectonics
| i) Crust and Lithosphere |
| ii) Mantle |
| iii) Core |
| i) Evidence for Continental Drift |
| i) Bathymetry |
| ii) Seafloor Magnetism |
| iii) The Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis |
| i) The Earth’s Tectonic Plates |
| ii) Plate Boundaries |
| iii) Movement of Plates and Interplate Activity |
Earthquakes
| i) Geological Structures |
| ii) Types of Stress |
| ii)Stress and Mountains |
| i) What Causes Earthquakes? |
| ii) Earthquake Zones |
| iii) Seismic Waves |
| iv)Tsunami |
| i) Measuring Earthquakes |
| ii) Mercalli Intensity Scale |
| iii) Predicting Earthquakes |
| i) Earthquake Damages |
| ii) Safe Structures |
| iii) Safety Measures |
Volcanoes
| i) Formation and Occurrence |
| ii) Hotspots |
| i) Types of Eruptions |
| ii) Magma and Lava |
| iii) Predicting Volcanic Eruptions |
| i) Composite Volcanoes |
| ii) Shield Volcanoes |
| iii) Cinder Cones |
| iv) Super Volcanoes |
| i) Landforms from Lava |
| ii) Landforms from Magma |
| iii) Hot Springs and Geysers |
Weathering and Soil Formation
| i) Mechanical Weathering |
| ii) Chemical Weathering |
| iii) Differential Weathering |
| i) Characteristics and Importance |
| ii) Formation, Texture and Composition |
| iii) Horizons and Profiles |
| iv) Types of Soil |
| v) Soil Conservation |
Erosion and Deposition
| i) By Streams and Rivers |
| ii) By Groundwater |
| i) Wave Action |
| ii) Wave Deposition |
| iii) Protecting Shorelines |
| i) Transport of Particles by Wind |
| ii) Types of Sand Dunes |
| i) Glaciers – Formation and Movement |
| ii) Glacial Erosion |
| iii) Glacial Deposition |
| i) Downhill Movement of Material |
| ii) Types of Movement |
The History of the Earth
| i) Geologic Time |
| ii) Relative and Absolute Dating of Rocks |
| iii) The Geologic Time Scale |
| i)The Earth and the Solar System |
| ii)The Earth’s Atmosphere |
| i) Diversity of Life |
| ii) Adaptations and Evolutions |
| iii) Fossils |
| iv) Phanerozoic Eon |
Earth's Fresh Water and Oceans
| i) The Water Cycle |
| ii) Distribution of Water |
| i) Surface Water |
| ii) Ground Water |
| i) Understanding the Ocean |
| ii) Waves, Tides and Currents |
| iii) The Seafloor Resources |
| iv) Ocean Life |
The Earth's Atmosphere
| i) Layers of the Atmosphere |
| ii) Energy Sources |
| iii) Wind and Wind Belts |
| i) Atmospheric Water |
| ii) Changes in Weather |
| iii) Storms |
| iv) Forecasting the Weather |
| i) What is Climate? |
| ii) Climates Around the World |
| iii) Climate Change |
Ecosystems and Man
| i) Biological Communities |
| ii) Members of the Ecosystem |
| iii) Flow of Matter and Energy in the Ecosystem |
| iv) The Carbon Cycle |
| i) Population Growth |
| ii) Sustainable Development |
Pollution
| i) Soil Erosion due to Human Actions |
| ii) Hazardous Waste |
| iii) Preventing Land Pollution |
| i)Human Uses of Water |
| ii) Water Distribution and Shortage |
| iii) Water Pollution |
| iv) Safeguarding Water |
| i) Types and Causes of Air Pollution |
| ii) Effects of Air Pollution |
| iii) Reducing Air Pollution |
Conservation of Resources
| i) Common Resources in Use |
| ii) Human Population and Resource Use |
| iii) Resource Availability |
| iv) Conserving Natural Resources |
| i) Obtaining Energy |
| ii) Energy Efficiency |
| iii) Energy Conservation |
Space
| i) Telescopes |
| ii) Early Exploration |
| iii) Recent Exploration |
| i) Planet Earth and Its Motions |
| ii) The Moon |
| iii) The Sun |
| iv) The Sun and the Earth-Moon System |
| i) The Inner Planets |
| ii) The Outer Planets |
| iii) Other Objects in the Solar System |
| i) Stars |
| ii) Galaxies |
| iii) The Universe |